Anti-Gravity Treadmill: Therapy That’s Like a Walk on the Moon

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Written by Karen T. Borchers
Published in San Jose Mercury News

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San Jose, California. (MCT) – A treadmill developed at NASA Ames Research Center more than a decade ago for exercising in space has seen more athletes than astronauts lately.

AlterG, a Freemont, California, startup, has sold more than 200 of the “anti gravity” physical therapy and training treadmills, which are based on the NASA prototype, at $75,000 each. The buyers have mainly been sports teams, college athletic departments and hospitals, but the maker hopes to eventually push prices down to where individuals could own one.

A new model, the M300 costs $24,500 and is starting to be acquired by physical therapy clinics and nursing homes, where they are used for exercise without the risk of falling.

The company foresees an expanding base of users. “We do believe that eventually you’ll see the product being used in people’s homes,” said AlterG CEO Lars Barford.

The AlterG, the only machine of its’ kind on the market, is an exercise treadmill with a waist-high enclosure added on. Zip yourself in and by inflating the enclosure, you can reduce the force of gravity on your legs from a few percent to 80 percent which approximates what it would be like to walk or run on the moon.

Air pressure elevates the users’ body, counteracting the force of gravity. Athletes use it to continue training after an injury, reducing the impact of running on injured muscles and tendons. It can also be used for low-impact training, especially useful for runners.

The University of California has several and Stanford University has one. The University of California, San Francisco Medical Centre has two at its’ Mission Bay campus, Walter Reed Army Medical Centre has two and the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs hospital has one. The military uses them to help veterans walk with prosthetics and relearn balance caused from traumatic brain injury, Barford said.

Marathon runner, Alberto Salazar Director of the Nike Oregon Project, a group created by the shoe company to promote long distance running, was an early convert after checking out a prototype several years ago. Salazar had purchased five for the Nike project for the runners he trains, helping the fledgling startup get off the ground.

“I think it is the best piece of equipment made for running in the last 30 years, a revolutionary piece of equipment without a doubt,” Salazar said.

The AlterG’s forerunner was developed in the early 1990’s at NASA/Ames by researcher Robert Whalen and a colleague Dr. Alan Hargens, as a space- born exercise machine and also to study the effects of weightlessness on humans. The original machines sucked air out of the chamber, creating a kind of artificial gravity. Later versions pump air in countering gravity.

Whalen, who holds the original 1992 patent and who continues to be involved in the company declined a request for an interview.

“We sort of went off on our own separate paths, and we did our own development starting in about 1998,” said Hargens, who is a professor or orthopedic surgery at the University of California – San Diego School of Medicine. He has his own versions at the University and has published studies on its therapeutic potential.

The Palo Alto Veterans Affairs hospital collaborated on studies using its own versions of the machine built at the hospital’s rehabilitation research and development center.

“We called it the ‘differential pressure walking assist,’” said Dr Charles Burgar, who wrote three studies of subjects using the machine.

“You don’t feel it as if somebody’s lifting you,” Burgar said. “You feel like you’re in water that has no viscosity, like floating but when you move your legs there’s no resistance. It looked like the person was walking on the moon. You can teach a person to run very, very fast by off-loading their weight, and then building strength and endurance by increasing the weight.”

A prototype of the treadmill was stored in Whalen’s Los Altos garage for several years, drawing the attention of his son, Sean Whalen, 28. The young Whalen who now is AlterG’s cofounder and chief technical officer said that his father was never interested in commercializing the device.

When Sean was focused on entrepreneurship in a graduate engineering program at Stanford, he said, he saw the device as a way of “figuring out what it’s like to start a company”.

After Salazar saw it and helped with its’ early development, “It kind of mushroomed” Whalen said.