Dermatitis

A wide range of noninfectious conditions causing red, dry, and itchy skin.  There are a number of general types of dermatitis.  Contact dermatitis has two parts—irritant dermatitis caused by harmful substances touching the skin, and allergic dermatitis caused by the body’s immune system reacting to a substance touching the skin.   Antihistamines help relieve the itching.  Seborrheic dermatitis consists of a red rash and greasy yellowish scales.  In infants, it is known as cradle cap.  In adults, the rash occurs in hairy areas.  It is most common in people with oily hair or skin, and may vary with the seasons.  In adults, it is caused by an overgrowth of a yeast that inhibits the skin.  This can recur, and illness or stress can trigger a flare up. Treatment usually consist of using special shampoos. Nummular dermatitis consists of distinctive coin shaped red patches on the skin that have tiny blisters, scabs, and scales.  It is commonly seen on the legs, hands, arms, and torso.  People who live in very dry climates or take very hot showers may develop this condition.  Treatment consists of soaking the area to dry the oozing and applying a corticosteroid cream.  Stasis dermatitis is caused by poor circulation from varicose veins and congestive heart failure which leaves pools of blood accumulating in the lower legs.  This causes irritation around the legs and ankles.  At first, the skin becomes red and scaly, and then turns brown.  The skin may break down and form open sores that become infected with bacteria.  The resulting ulcers may become a serious problem. Treatment involves wearing elastic support stockings or having surgery to treat the varicose seins.  A zinc paste helps treat the ulcers or sores. Neurodermatitis tends to develop in areas where tight garments rub the sin.  Scratching aggravates the condition.  It will stop when scratching is avoided.  General exfoliative dermatitis affects the entire surface of the skin.  It is usually caused as a reaction to certain drugs or as a complication of contact dermatitis or infection.  It starts slowly with red, shiny patches that gradually become covered with scales.  Over time, hair and nails may fall out.  Many people have fever, and lose fluid through the damaged skin.  The symptoms are similar to skin infections.  Peoole with this condition are often hospitalized for treatment. Perioral dermatitis is a disorder of unknown cause that produces a red, bumpy rash around the mouth and on the chin that resembles acne.  Treatment may consist of oral tetracyclines or antibiotics and avoiding contact with certain products.